{"id":754,"date":"2017-01-20T23:34:06","date_gmt":"2017-01-20T23:34:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/?page_id=754"},"modified":"2017-01-20T23:43:11","modified_gmt":"2017-01-20T23:43:11","slug":"finanspolitik-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/international-oekonomi-notater\/finanspolitik-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Finanspolitik (a niveau) &#8211; ny l\u00e6rer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Diskretion\u00e6re<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">tiltag<\/span>: En politisk beslutning om at \u00e6ndre bestemte udgiftsposter<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Budgetloven<\/span>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Ikke strukturelt underskud p\u00e5 mere end 0,5% af BNP<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Den strukturelle saldo<\/span>, den offentlige saldo renset for konjunkturudsving<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Vil altid v\u00e6re et sk\u00f8n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">I disse \u00e5r er vi ca. i minus p\u00e5 1%<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Dette er naturligvis et problem(is\u00e6r i forhold til EU-regler)<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Figuren p\u00e5 side 2<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">I forhold til finansministeriets finanslov er der lidt en tendens til, at den skrider, den bliver ikke overholdt<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Man m\u00e5 ikke aktiv \u00e6ndre p\u00e5 finanspolitikken efter den er aftalt<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Dvs. fx ikke s\u00e6tte afgiften op p\u00e5 biler<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Figuren p\u00e5 side 3<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Viser noget om konjunkturernes p\u00e5virkning af den offentlige saldo<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Det ses at konjunkturerne har en relativt stor betydning for den offentlige saldo<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Outputgap<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Forskellen p\u00e5 hvad vi kunne producere, og hvad vi rent faktisk producerer<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Refererer igen til den konjunkturneutrale situation<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Det ses af figuren p\u00e5 side 3, at i 2015 ligger BNP p\u00e5 1,5% af hvad det kunne\/af hvad den havde v\u00e6ret i den konjunkturneutrale situation<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Finanspolitik<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Aktiv finanspolitik, staten \u00e6ndrer aktivt p\u00e5 sine indt\u00e6gter og udgifter<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Man har til hensigt at p\u00e5virke \u00f8konomien<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Man s\u00f8ger med aktiv finanspolitik at p\u00e5virke:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\u00d8konomisk v\u00e6kst, eftersp\u00f8rgslen<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Betalingsbalancen<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Besk\u00e6ftigelsen<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Inflationen<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Eksempler p\u00e5 aktiv finanspolitik<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Foghs fastfrysning af boligskatten<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">SP-bidrag blev udbetalt for at skabe umiddelbar eftersp\u00f8rgsel<\/span>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"circle\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">SP-bidrag, noget pension <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Aktiv finanspolitik var Anker og dem i 70&#8217;erne helt vilde med. I dag benytter man det mindre og mindre<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Finanspolitisk<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">multiplikatoreffekt<\/span>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Eks.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Virksomheder ans\u00e6tter flere, disse f\u00e5r flere penge, eftersp\u00f8rgslen \u00f8ges, s\u00e5 f\u00e5r virksomheden flere penge, kan ans\u00e6tte flere<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Finanspolitisk multiplikatoreffekt p\u00e5 1, regeringen bruger 1 milliard, og i samfundet forplanter det sig til eftersp\u00f8rgsel p\u00e5 1 milliard<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Automatiske stabilisatorer<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Ved automatiske stabilisatorer forst\u00e5s elementer der har en stabiliserende virkning p\u00e5 samfunds\u00f8konomien, og som dermed l\u00e6gger en d\u00e6mper p\u00e5 konjunkturudsving. Effekten sker automatisk, uden at der kr\u00e6ves yderligere politiske indgreb. Af eksempler p\u00e5 automatiske stabilisatorer i Danmark kan n\u00e6vnes dagpengesystemet og skattesystemet.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Stabilisere i forhold til et nogenlunde konstant niveau<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">I Danmark er de automatiske stabilisatorer kraftigere end i fx USA, dvs. USA p\u00e5virkes mere af konjunkturer<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Crowding-out<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Hvis man \u00f8ger eftersp\u00f8rgslen i samfundet, s\u00e5 vil besk\u00e6ftigelsen stige, og s\u00e5 vil l\u00f8nninger ogs\u00e5 stige, s\u00e5 forringes konkurrenceevnen<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Crowding-in<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">L\u00f8nninger falder, konkurrenceevne forbedres<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Eksempel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">P\u00e5 kort sigt: Man fyrer offentlige ansatte, giver f\u00e6rre penge og mindre eftersp\u00f8rgsel<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">P\u00e5 lang sigt: Eftersp\u00f8rgslen falder, priserne falder, konkurrenceevnen forbedres<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Keynes<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Finanspolitikkens fader<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Mener at samfundet ikke er selvregulerende, og at staten derfor aktiv b\u00f8r gribe ind for at undg\u00e5 kriser<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Neoklassikerne<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Mener at \u00f8konomien altid vil regulere sig, s\u00e5ledes at \u00f8konomien altid befinder sig p\u00e5 fuld kapacitetsgr\u00e6nse<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Hvis ledigheden falder, vil l\u00f8nnen bare regulere sig, dvs. falde<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Men:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">L\u00f8nnen vil ikke bare falde, grundet overenskomster(den danske arbejdsmarkedsmodel) osv.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Alle de kriser vi har set, har vist at Keynes har ret<\/p>\n<p id=\"SdezOUS\">\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Diskretion\u00e6re tiltag: En politisk beslutning om at \u00e6ndre bestemte udgiftsposter Budgetloven: Ikke strukturelt underskud p\u00e5 mere end 0,5% af BNP Den strukturelle saldo, den offentlige saldo renset for konjunkturudsving Vil altid v\u00e6re et sk\u00f8n I disse \u00e5r er vi ca. i minus p\u00e5 1% Dette er naturligvis et problem(is\u00e6r i forhold til EU-regler) Figuren p\u00e5<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/international-oekonomi-notater\/finanspolitik-3\/\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">L\u00e6s mere omFinanspolitik (a niveau) &#8211; ny l\u00e6rer<\/span>[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":54,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Finanspolitik (a niveau) - ny l\u00e6rer - HHX opgaver og notater<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/international-oekonomi-notater\/finanspolitik-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"da_DK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Finanspolitik (a niveau) - ny l\u00e6rer - HHX opgaver og notater\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Diskretion\u00e6re tiltag: En politisk beslutning om at \u00e6ndre bestemte udgiftsposter Budgetloven: Ikke strukturelt underskud p\u00e5 mere end 0,5% af BNP Den strukturelle saldo, den offentlige saldo renset for konjunkturudsving Vil altid v\u00e6re et sk\u00f8n I disse \u00e5r er vi ca. i minus p\u00e5 1% Dette er naturligvis et problem(is\u00e6r i forhold til EU-regler) Figuren p\u00e5L\u00e6s mere omFinanspolitik (a niveau) &#8211; 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