{"id":719,"date":"2017-01-20T23:25:06","date_gmt":"2017-01-20T23:25:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/?page_id=719"},"modified":"2017-01-20T23:25:06","modified_gmt":"2017-01-20T23:25:06","slug":"velfaerdsstaten","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/international-oekonomi-notater\/velfaerdsstaten\/","title":{"rendered":"Velf\u00e6rdsstaten"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Velf\u00e6rdsstaten<\/span>: staten tager et medansvar for en del af borgernes velf\u00e6rd<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">3<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">velf\u00e6rdsmodeller<\/span>(3 hovedmodeller):<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Den<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">skandinaviske<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">velf\u00e6rdsmodel<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"> (ogs\u00e5 kaldet den universelle)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Den<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">centraleurop\u00e6iske<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">velf\u00e6rdsmodel<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"> (ogs\u00e5 kaldet den kontinentale model eller forsikringsmodellen)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Den<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">liberale<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">velf\u00e6rdsmodel<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"> (ogs\u00e5 kaldet den residuale eller den angelsaksiske model)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; margin-left: .375in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Den skandinaviske velf\u00e6rdsmodel<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Findes her i norden<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Kendetegnet ved:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">De fleste sociale ydelser g\u00e6lder alle og er ens for alle (universelle)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">H\u00f8je sociale ydelser<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Mange gratisydelser<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">H\u00f8jt skattetryk og udgiftstryk<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">H\u00f8j grad af social omfordeling<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Velf\u00e6rdsordninger er finansieret via skatter og ikke via forsikringsordninger<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Den<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">centraleurop\u00e6iske<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">velf\u00e6rdsmodel<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">G\u00e6lder bl.a. i Tyskland, Frankrig og Belgien<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Finansiering gennem tvungne\/lovpligtige forsikringsordninger for de enkelte personer p\u00e5 arbejdsmarkedet<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Arbejdsgiver indbetaler ogs\u00e5 til disse forsikringer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">S\u00e5 fx er pensionen afh\u00e6ngig af antal \u00e5r p\u00e5 arbejdsmarkedet samt l\u00f8nnen<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Dog er der et sikkerhedsnet der samler de arbejdsl\u00f8se op, de f\u00e5r dog meget lave ydelser<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">De sociale rettigheder er alts\u00e5 st\u00e6rkt knyttet sammen med besk\u00e6ftigelse<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">I flere europ\u00e6iske lande har for\u00e6ldrene fors\u00f8rgerpligt over for b\u00f8rnene hele livet. B\u00f8rnene skal ligeledes hj\u00e6lpe deres for\u00e6ldre \u00f8konomisk, hvis der bliver behov for det<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Denne model sigter mere p\u00e5 tryghed end p\u00e5 lighed. Det betyder ogs\u00e5, at den har en tendens til at tabe de svageste i samfundet<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Systemet med tvungne sikringsordninger betyder, at staten ikke har s\u00e5 store udgifter til sociale ydelser \u2013 og derfor ikke beh\u00f8ver at opkr\u00e6ve s\u00e5 meget i indkomstskat<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\Thomas\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\msohtmlclip1\\01\\clip_image001.png\" alt=\"Computergenereret alternativ tekst: Personlige indkomstskatter 24,3 7,6 8,9\nAndre indkomstskatter 4,9 2,5 2,3\nBidrag til sociale ordninger 1,0 16,8 5,5\nSkat af formue, ejendom mv. 2,2 3,1 3,7\nMoms 9,9 7,3 1,9\nTcd mv 0,2 0,1 0,2\nAfgifter 5,4 6,6 1,5\nSkattetryk i alt 49,0 44,4 24,0\" width=\"410\" height=\"302\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p id=\"DSDJbja\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"410\" height=\"302\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-721 \" src=\"http:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829bdfe4344.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829bdfe4344.png 410w, https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829bdfe4344-300x221.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Den liberale velf\u00e6rdsmodel <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Fx i USA og Storbritannien<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Hj\u00e6lper kun de allersvageste i samfundet<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">N\u00e6rmest en slags fattighj\u00e6lp<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Resten af befolkningen \u2013 dvs. langt st\u00f8rstedelen \u2013 m\u00e5 selv s\u00f8rge for at k\u00f8be de private forsikringer, som skal st\u00f8tte \u00e9n \u00f8konomisk i tilf\u00e6lde af arbejdsl\u00f8shed, sygdom eller alderdom<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">De sociale ydelser finansieret over skatten<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Men da ydelserne er begr\u00e6nset til en lille del af befolkningen \u2013 og som sagt er meget sm\u00e5 \u2013 er de offentlige udgifter hertil ikke s\u00e6rligt store<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Derfor lavt skatteniveau<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Lav omfordeling<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p id=\"NwWyQXZ\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"558\" height=\"431\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-722 \" src=\"http:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829be6e3f58.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829be6e3f58.png 558w, https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829be6e3f58-300x232.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\Thomas\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\msohtmlclip1\\01\\clip_image002.png\" alt=\"Computergenereret alternativ tekst: Tildelingskriterium Borgerrettighed, Bidrag, dvs. Behov\ndvs. universel forsikringsprincip\nCentral institution Staten Familien, frivillige Markedet,\nforeninger frivilige\nforeninger\nOmfang Omfattende Omfattende Begr\u00e6nset\nFinansiering Staten via skatter Arbejdsmarkedet via Staten via\ntvunge skatter\nforsikringsordninger\nAfgr\u00e6nsning af Statsborger Tilknyttet Statsborger\nsikringsf\u00e6llesskab arbejdsmarkedet\nSociale virkninger Omfordelende Bevarer status Fattigdoms\nregulerende\nPolitisk ideologi Socialdemokratisk Konservativ Liberal\" width=\"558\" height=\"431\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Problemer ved den skandinaviske velf\u00e6rdsmodel<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Fratager folk tilskyndelsen til at klare sig selv<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Folk presses ikke nok til at s\u00f8ge arbejde<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Fratager folk lysten til at tage en lang uddannelse<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">H\u00f8je skatter fremmer sort arbejde<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Skr\u00e6mmer udenlandske virksomheder v\u00e6k<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Andre mener dog at(positivt):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Modellen skaber tryghed<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Lav kriminalitet og korruption<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">H\u00f8j grad af ligestilling<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">H\u00f8j politisk deltagelse<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Stor tillid til hinanden, borgerne imellem<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Stor tillid til myndighederne<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">I forbindelse med dette(tillid) taler man om social kapital<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; margin-left: .375in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u00c5rsagerne til den offentlige sektor i Danmark skyldes<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">1960&#8217;erne<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Kvinderne ud p\u00e5 arbejdsmarkedet<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">I forbindelse med dette, brug for b\u00f8rneinstitutioner<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Udbyggelse af \u00e6ldreforsorgen<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Fokus p\u00e5 uddannelse<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Andre peger dog p\u00e5:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Fristende for politikere at iv\u00e6rks\u00e6tte foranstaltninger for at tilgodese krav fra mindre v\u00e6lgergrupper<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Fattigdom og ulighed<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Absolut fattigdom<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Defineres i forhold til en indkomstgr\u00e6nse m\u00e5lt i absolutte st\u00f8rrelser, fx krone eller dollar<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Relativ fattigdom<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Defineres i forhold til, hvad gennemsnitsindkomsten er i det p\u00e5g\u00e6ldende land. Man er fattig, hvis man ikke har adgang til den indkomst og velstand, som andre i samfundet har. Fattigdom afh\u00e6nger her af landets indkomstniveau<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; margin-left: .375in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Fattigdom i rige industrilande<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">I Danmark er den relative fattigdom p\u00e5 6%, svarende til n\u00e6sten 200.000 danskere<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Dvs. vi ligger blandt de lande med den laveste fattigdom<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p id=\"etGBPDW\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"541\" height=\"325\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-723 \" src=\"http:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829bf332ca5.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829bf332ca5.png 541w, https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829bf332ca5-300x180.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 541px) 100vw, 541px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\Thomas\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\msohtmlclip1\\01\\clip_image003.png\" alt=\"Computergenereret alternativ tekst: Figur 8.7 Relativ fattigdom i udvalgte industrilande, 2011\nProcent\n20 -\n\u2018s\n10\n\u00f0II\n5\n0\nJ \/\/ \/ \/\/ F \/ \/ \/. \/ ,\n\u2014\nKilde: OECD Income Distribution Database (marts 2015) Note: Andel som ijener under\n50 pct. af rnedianindkomsten\" width=\"541\" height=\"325\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Fattigdomsgr\u00e6nsen i Danmark<\/span>(fastsat af regeringen i 2014)<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Den disponible indkomst er i tre \u00e5r i tr\u00e6k under 50 pct. af medianindkomsten<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Familiens formue er tre \u00e5r i tr\u00e6k under 100.000 kr. pr. -voksen<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Personen er ikke studerende.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">For en familie p\u00e5 fire svarer det til et bel\u00f8b p\u00e5 ca. 240.000 kr. (i 2011). Den danske fattigdomsgr\u00e6nse medtager alts\u00e5 ikke folk, som er fattige for en kort periode. Desuden medregnes heller ikke studerende, da man antager, at de inden for en kort tidshorisont vil komme til at tjene mere end gennemsnitsdanskeren i kraft af en h\u00f8jere uddannelse.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">M\u00e5lt p\u00e5 denne m\u00e5de er omkring 40.000-50.000 danskere ramt af fattigdom. Det drejer sig is\u00e6r om kontanthj\u00e6lpsmodtagere, indvandrere, ufagl\u00e6rte og enlige uden b\u00f8rn.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">I USA er gr\u00e6nsen hvad der svarer til 150.000 kr., og alligevel har de en langt h\u00f8jere fattigdom<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\Thomas\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\msohtmlclip1\\01\\clip_image004.png\" alt=\"Computergenereret alternativ tekst: Figur 8.8 Fattigdomsraten i USA, 1980-2013\nProcent\n16\nis\n14\n13\n12\nli\nio\n1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010\nLU I\u2019+). INU1. d1UUUITISTdL dIIITIrdI15r. UIflhIUUI1 - S 1tSSL\" width=\"540\" height=\"278\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p id=\"oiMWGqi\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"540\" height=\"278\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-724 \" src=\"http:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829bfcdd6c1.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829bfcdd6c1.png 540w, https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829bfcdd6c1-300x154.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Du bem\u00e6rker, at fattigdomsrate svinger op og ned i takt med konjunkturerne.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Fattigdom kan ogs\u00e5 v\u00e6re sk\u00e6vt fordelt, fx hvis der anl\u00e6gges en race og sprogm\u00e6ssig vinkel<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p id=\"GrNQyJO\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"565\" height=\"132\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-725 \" src=\"http:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c12ba9a9.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c12ba9a9.png 565w, https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c12ba9a9-300x70.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\Thomas\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\msohtmlclip1\\01\\clip_image005.png\" alt=\"Computergenereret alternativ tekst: Tabel 8.2 Fattigdomsraten i USA, fordelt pi race- og sprogm\u00e6ssig oprindelse, 2013, i pct.\n\u201cAsiate\n9,6 27,2 23,5 10,5\nKilde: US Census Bureau. Income and Poverty in the United States: 2013 (udgivet 2014)\nNote: US Census benytter termeme: White. not hispanic: Black: Asian; Hispanic\" width=\"565\" height=\"132\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Uligheden er steget siden 1980&#8217;erne<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">I mange af de rige industrilande er uligheden steget markant siden 1980&#8217;erne. Det har bekymret \u00f8konomer og politikere.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Der er dog en god ting ved ulighed<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Tilskynder folk at v\u00e6re innovative, f\u00e5r selv frugterne af sit arbejde og sine gode id\u00e9er<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Men stigningen de sidste \u00e5r har v\u00e6ret markant, is\u00e6r i USA<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p id=\"qGjZkbw\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"537\" height=\"326\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-726 \" src=\"http:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c19e4e4a.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c19e4e4a.png 537w, https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c19e4e4a-300x182.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 537px) 100vw, 537px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\Thomas\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\msohtmlclip1\\01\\clip_image006.png\" alt=\"Computergenereret alternativ tekst: Figur 8.9 Den rigeste I procents andel af de samlede indkomster, 1980-2012\n20\n18\n16\n14\n12\n10\n8\n6\n4\n2\no\n, , , , , , , , *\n\u2018f ( q\n,\nProcent\" width=\"537\" height=\"326\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Flexicurity<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Flexicurity-modellen er tredelt, den best\u00e5r af:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;\" type=\"1\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\" value=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;\">Nemt at fyre folk<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Socialt sikkerhedsnet<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;\" type=\"1\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\" value=\"3\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;\">Aktiv arbejdsmarkedspolitik<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Disse betyder at:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;\" type=\"1\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\" value=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;\">Det fleksible arbejdsmarked har lempelige regler for ans\u00e6ttelse og afskedigelse af medarbejdere. Arbejdsgiverne har derfor nemt ved at tilpasse antallet af medarbejdere til den aktuelle produktion i virksomhederne. Arbejdstagerne har for deres vedkommende mulighed for hurtigt at skifte job. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;\" type=\"1\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\" value=\"2\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;\">Sikkerheden best\u00e5r i, at l\u00f8nmodtagerne enten er sikret dagpenge eller kontanthj\u00e6lp i tilf\u00e6lde af ledighed. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Den aktive besk\u00e6ftigelsespolitik sikrer, at alle f\u00e5r et aktivt tilbud. Det kan fx v\u00e6re vejledning, jobtilbud eller et tilbud om uddannelse.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Nemt at fyre folk<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">G\u00f8r det nemmere for unge at komme ind p\u00e5 arbejdsmarkedet, da arbejdsgiveren er mere tilb\u00f8jelig til at ans\u00e6tte dem, n\u00e5r han ved at han nemt kan fyre dem<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; margin-left: .375in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Arbejdsstyrke<\/span>: dem der er i stand til at arbejde, dem der er til r\u00e5dighed<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Konsekvenser af for stor ulighed<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Eftersp\u00f8rgslen er for lille<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Meget rige mennesker har typisk en stor opsparing, fordi de ikke &#8216;magter&#8217; at forbruge alle de penge, de tjener. Den h\u00f8je opsparingskvote betyder, at store bel\u00f8b ikke oms\u00e6ttes til forbrug \u2013 og dermed ikke skaber produktion og besk\u00e6ftigelse. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Almindelige mennesker forbruger langt st\u00f8rstedelen af deres indkomst p\u00e5 forbrug<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Dvs. en mere lige fordeling af indkomster vil samlet set \u00f8ge forbruget og dermed produktionen. Argumentet er is\u00e6r fremf\u00f8rt af den amerikanske nobelprisstager Joseph Stiglitz.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Social mobilitet<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Folk med h\u00f8je indkomster har ofte lettere ved at sikre deres b\u00f8rn en h\u00f8j uddannelse, der giver basis for en h\u00f8j indkomst senere i livet.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Det omvendte g\u00f8r sig g\u00e6ldende ved lavindkomstfamilier<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">I samfund med stor ulighed vil man derfor se en tendens til, at de riges b\u00f8rn g\u00e5r i deres for\u00e6ldres fodspor<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Dvs. i ulige samfund er det sv\u00e6rt af v\u00e6re m\u00f8nsterbryder, ringe social mobilitet<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p id=\"BGcTmVi\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"540\" height=\"335\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-727 \" src=\"http:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c2475eb6.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c2475eb6.png 540w, https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c2475eb6-300x186.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\Thomas\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\msohtmlclip1\\01\\clip_image007.png\" alt=\"Computergenereret alternativ tekst: Figur 8.10 U lighed og social mobilitet \u2014 The Great Gatsby Curve\nindkonntelasiic\u00ectet mellen gen\u00abalioner\nUil. social mobilitet\n(fo\u00e6ldres indboms* l s*or 0.5 Italien. Storbfltannlen\nbetWg lot b.trn mighedet)\nLISA\u2022\n0.4 -\n\u2022iapan\nTyskland\u2022\n0,3 -\n\u2022 New Zealand\nSverige\nC\u00f2aca\u2022 \u2022 Australien\n0.2 -\n\u2022 Norge\n\u2022 Danmark\nN.J social mobilitet\nkIdrrir,Jwmg   0.1\nbetydwg lot birni mLiighedell\n020 0.25 0,30 0,35\nIndkomstuliglied rmblt pb ginikoeffe.cient\nKilde. Miles Corak, Inequality and Opportunity, 2013\" width=\"540\" height=\"335\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Penge giver magt<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Hvis en lille gruppe i samfundet \u2013 den rigeste 1 pct. \u2013 \u00f8ger sin andel af de samlede indkomster, \u00f8ger det magten hos denne gruppe.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Penge giver fx politisk indflydelse<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Dvs. det kan indeb\u00e6re demokratiske problemer<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Fairness<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Endelig peger \u00f8konomer p\u00e5 endnu politisk vinkel p\u00e5 ulighedsproblematikken. Det kan skabe en f\u00f8lelse af uretf\u00e6rdighed hos den brede befolkning, at visse grupper f\u00e5r en stadig st\u00f8rre del af &#8216;samfundslagkagen&#8217;, mens stigningen i den samlede velstand, som er resultatet af et stigende BNP, forbig\u00e5r de fleste. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Dvs. det er ikke sundt for demokratiet<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Der er gr\u00e6nse for hvor meget ulighed folk accepterer<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; margin-left: .375in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Velf\u00e6rdsstaten under pres<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Velf\u00e6rdsstaten under pres grundet globaliseringen og den \u00e6ndrede aldersfordeling med mange flere \u00e6ldre<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Globaliseringen, EU og velf\u00e6rdsstaten<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Globaliseringen<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">En h\u00f8j indkomstskat i Danmark kan lokke landets borgere \u2013 is\u00e6r de h\u00f8jtuddannede \u2013 til at flytte til lande med lavere skat<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Et h\u00f8jt niveau for moms\u00a0og afgifter giver gr\u00e6nsehandel i stor stil. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">En h\u00f8j selskabsskat vil skr\u00e6mme udenlandske virksomheder v\u00e6k.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Den relativ lette adgang til sociale ydelser kan i l\u00e6ngden blive et problem for Danmark, fordi det danske system virker tiltr\u00e6kkende p\u00e5 udenlandsk arbejdskraft<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">P\u00e5 skatteomr\u00e5det har mange \u00f8konomer, bl.a. Det \u00d8konomiske R\u00e5d, foresl\u00e5et at nedtrappe skatten p\u00e5 omr\u00e5der, hvor den let kan omg\u00e5s (indkomstskat, moms, afgifter). Man taler her om de s\u00e5kaldte mobile skattekilder, fordi d\u00e9t, der beskattes, kan flyttes (arbejdskraft, varer). I stedet skal skatten dirigeres over p\u00e5 omr\u00e5der, som vanskeligere kan flyttes v\u00e6k fra landet, de s\u00e5kaldte immobile skattekilder. Det drejer sig is\u00e6r om at \u00f8ge beskatningen p\u00e5 jord, boliger og naturressourcer (fx olie, gas).<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Med hensyn til problemet omkring det h\u00f8je niveau for overf\u00f8rsler er det blevet fremf\u00f8rt, at Danmark fremover b\u00f8r dreje vort velf\u00e6rdssystem over i retning af forsikringsprincippet, som findes i de andre lande.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p id=\"ZiYzIKJ\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"455\" height=\"517\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-728 \" src=\"http:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c306f3d4.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c306f3d4.png 455w, https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c306f3d4-264x300.png 264w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\Thomas\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\msohtmlclip1\\01\\clip_image008.png\" alt=\"Computergenereret alternativ tekst: Tabel 8.3 Modtagere af overt\u00f8rselsindkomst i 2013 (antal heLksmodtagere)\nLedige 117000\nVejledning og opkvalificering 41000\nFleksjob 52.000\nLedighedsydelse 14.000\nSt\u00f8tte besk\u00e6ftigelse i \u00f8vrigt 40.000\nKontanthj\u00e6lp og revalidering 92.000\nSygedagpenge 63.000\nBarselsdagpenge 52.000\nF\u00f8rtidspension 233.000\nEfterlon 98.000\nFolkepension 1.034.000\nFleksydelse 6.000\n\u00d8v rige ydelser 5.000\nI alt overforsler 1.847.000\nKilde: Statistisk Ti\u00e5rsoversigt 2014\" width=\"455\" height=\"517\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Andre har udtrykt bekymring over, at dette totalt vil bryde det danske princip om, at man har ret til sociale ydelser uanset tidligere erhvervsdeltagelse og tidligere indbetalt skat. Det er alts\u00e5 et brud p\u00e5 den universelle velf\u00e6rdsmodel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Den \u00e6ndrede aldersfordeling og velf\u00e6rdsstaten<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">De \u00e6ldre vil udg\u00f8re en stigende andel af den samlede befolkning, mens aldersgruppen 15-59 \u00e5r vil udg\u00f8re en mindre andel. Mange bruger udtrykket &#8216;<\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic; font-family: arial; font-size: 11.25pt; color: #333333; background: white;\">\u00e6ldrebyrden&#8217;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\u00a0om denne stigning i de \u00e6ldres andel af befolkningen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p id=\"NttvWzj\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"547\" height=\"299\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-729 \" src=\"http:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c37108dd.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c37108dd.png 547w, https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c37108dd-300x164.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 547px) 100vw, 547px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\Thomas\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\msohtmlclip1\\01\\clip_image009.png\" alt=\"Computergenereret alternativ tekst: Figur 8.11 Alderstordeling i Danmark, 1975, 2014 og 2050\n5.1 mio.\n5.6mm.\n6.1 mio.\n100\n90\n80\n70\n60\n50\n40\n30\n20\n10\no\n\u2022 60 r og derover\nQ 15-59.lr\nQO-14ar\n1975\n2014\n2050\" width=\"547\" height=\"299\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Der er prim\u00e6rt to\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic; font-family: arial; font-size: 11.25pt; color: #333333; background: white;\">\u00e5rsager<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\u00a0til den udvikling.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;\" type=\"1\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\" value=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;\">Man f\u00e5r f\u00e6rre b\u00f8rn, en dansk kvinde f\u00e5r disse \u00e5r 1,7 barn, i 60&#8217;erne var det 2-3 b\u00f8rn<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;\" type=\"1\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\" value=\"2\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;\">Levealderen er steget med 5-6 \u00e5r, s\u00e5 befolkningen lever l\u00e6ngere<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; margin-left: .375in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Frem til 2050 ventes levealderen at stige med yderligere 3-4 \u00e5r<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; margin-left: .375in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Problemet er alts\u00e5, at stadig f\u00e6rre personer i den erhvervsaktive alder skal fors\u00f8rge et stigende antal \u00e6ldre<\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic; font-family: arial; font-size: 11.25pt; color: #333333; background: white;\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Dette betyder, at de offentlige udgifter til pensioner og \u00e6ldrepleje vil stige markant de kommende \u00e5r. Samtidig vil antallet af skatteydere, der skal finansiere disse udgifter, falde<\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic; font-family: arial; font-size: 11.25pt; color: #333333; background: white;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">I Danmark har vi tacklet problemet ved at f\u00e5 de \u00e6ldre til at v\u00e6re l\u00e6ngere p\u00e5 arbejdsmarkedet.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Det skete med bl.a.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Tilbagetr\u00e6kningsreformen fra 2011. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Efterl\u00f8nsperioden blev forkortet fra fem til tre \u00e5r<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Og desuden blev efterl\u00f8nsalderen h\u00e6vet til 64 \u00e5r (g\u00e6ldende fra 2023). <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Desuden h\u00e6vede man pensionsalderen til 67 \u00e5r (g\u00e6ldende fra 2022). <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: .375in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Herefter vil man l\u00f8bende justere efterl\u00f8ns- og pensionsalder op i takt med, at levealderen stiger. Den l\u00f8sning giver f\u00e6rre \u00e6ldre at fors\u00f8rge \u2013 og flere skattekroner i statskassen. I Danmark er vi p\u00e5 den vis nogenlunde godt kl\u00e6dt p\u00e5 til at tackle problemerne omkring den voksende \u00e6ldrebyrde<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; margin-left: .375in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Konkurrencestaten<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Landets fremtidige velstand er i stigende grad afh\u00e6ngig af, at danske virksomheder er konkurrencedygtige.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Den \u00f8gede globale\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial; font-size: 11.25pt; color: #333333; background: white;\">konkurrence<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\u00a0betyder, at\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic; font-family: arial; font-size: 11.25pt; color: #333333; background: white;\">landene<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\u00a0konkurrerer med hinanden om at skabe de bedste betingelser for landets virksomheder i bestr\u00e6belserne p\u00e5 at stille dem s\u00e5 st\u00e6rkt som muligt p\u00e5 de globale markeder. Det g\u00f8r de enkelte lande ved at forbedre de institutioner \u2013 \u00f8konomiske, politiske, kulturelle \u2013 som skaber rammerne for virksomhedernes muligheder for at konkurrere. Det kan fx dreje sig om at forbedre arbejdsmarkedet, effektivisere den offentlige sektor, oml\u00e6gge skattesystemet m.v.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Konkurrencen mellem nationer har givet anledning til, at man nu betragter lande som <\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic; font-family: arial; font-size: 11.25pt; color: #333333; background: white;\">konkurrencestater<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">. Danmark dyster med fx Sverige og Tyskland<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">At betragte lande som konkurrenter \u2013 konkurrencestater \u2013 indeb\u00e6rer if\u00f8lge denne tankegang, at velf\u00e6rdsstaten skal ses i et nyt lys. Fortalerne for begrebet konkurrencestat mener, at den nuv\u00e6rende velf\u00e6rdsmodel med h\u00f8j skat og med universelle ydelser ikke er gearet til at klare konkurrencen fra verdensmarkedet. Den &#8216;gamle&#8217; velf\u00e6rdsmodel \u2013 som er skitseret her i bogen af afsnit 8.1 \u2013 duer ikke mere, peger tilh\u00e6ngerne af konkurrencestaten p\u00e5.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Den traditionelle velf\u00e6rdsstats opgave er bl.a. at omfordele og beskytte de svage. I konkurrencestaten skal staten snarere s\u00f8rge for, at befolkningen er parat til at levere den arbejdskraft, som der er behov for i en globaliseret \u00f8konomi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Hvor man tidligere i den danske velf\u00e6rdsstat gennemf\u00f8rte reformer i samfundet for at fremme demokrati, skabe lige muligheder for alle og begr\u00e6nse uligheden \u2013 s\u00e5 er det m\u00e5let i konkurrencestaten at skabe reformer, der fremmer en effektiv og konkurrencedygtig samfunds\u00f8konomi, som kan tage konkurrencen op mod de andre konkurrencestater i verden.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Man bel\u00f8nner dem, der vil arbejde \u2013 og dem, der ikke kan, m\u00e5 acceptere lavere overf\u00f8rsler og ringere dagpengevilk\u00e5r. De svage skal ikke beskyttes i s\u00e5 h\u00f8j grad som tidligere \u2013 de skal presse ud p\u00e5 arbejdsmarkedet. Og er de ikke i stand til det, m\u00e5 de finde sig i lavere sociale ydelser fra det offentlige.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Konkurrencestat kontra velf\u00e6rdsstat<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Skal velf\u00e6rdsstaten overleve i en eller anden form p\u00e5 l\u00e6ngere sigt, skal der satses p\u00e5 konkurrencestaten.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Den er n\u00f8dvendig for at skabe den velf\u00e6rd, der p\u00e5 l\u00e6ngere sigt skal bevare velf\u00e6rdsstaten.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">At satse p\u00e5 konkurrencestaten kan fx indeb\u00e6re lavere offentlige overf\u00f8rsler, mindre grad af social omfordeling, f\u00e6rre universelle ydelser etc., fordi disse velf\u00e6rdsgoder if\u00f8lge fortalerne er en klods om benet i den globale konkurrence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Kritikerne af konkurrencestat-begrebet peger p\u00e5, at satses der p\u00e5 konkurrencestaten, s\u00e5 er prisen netop en forringelse af velf\u00e6rdsstaten \u2013 at man bl.a. sk\u00e6rer ned p\u00e5 velf\u00e6rden og svigter de svageste. Patienten d\u00f8r af kuren, fordi velf\u00e6rdsstatens grundl\u00e6ggende elementer \u2013 omfordeling og universalisme \u2013 ryger bagerst i k\u00f8en, n\u00e5r institutionerne skal reformeres.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">Endelig er der nogle, der mener, at konkurrencestat og velf\u00e6rdsstat ikke udelukker hinanden \u2013 men at de supplerer hinanden.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Billede Fra Miller (l\u00e6reren)<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"cmkbyaa\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"643\" height=\"463\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-730 \" src=\"http:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c4069bf6.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c4069bf6.png 643w, https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/img_58829c4069bf6-300x216.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\Thomas\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\msohtmlclip1\\01\\clip_image010.png\" alt=\"Computergenereret alternativ tekst: De tre vetf\u00e6rdsmodeller\nI Iwm hrn t\nri.aniicnn db\u00e1ak y\nHwm\n\u00a1 htm hrn ci\nUSA. liK. Aarah\nibV\nKarna dc  moakagu\no ,kI.unc u\nIrn\n, II,\nrl\nrw.uce v abfla\nAh h dce immc\n\u00a1rnu mib flLimii c umI .-\ntan,a4 t rndimrnI*k\nFuwa.c\u00f1ng afiaxiik kiia\n\u00a1 hem n\nI hem \u00a1w et\nI\u2019maiucrr \u00e9exUk ,dc.cr\nIhem\n.RI)flsLRK[DsBsLkflfl; MoI)I:I.\nA\u00f1acjd.nwkc4 rn\nFmn vea MI1e\nAir niz \nni  hu &amp;i 1w\n\u00e5rnirW\u2019a d ab\nnw\u00ccce \nu  hrn biwyt\nMcIIcm\nI hem hrn \u00dfcrn .\" width=\"533\" height=\"384\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"MBNsPiK\">\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Velf\u00e6rdsstaten: staten tager et medansvar for en del af borgernes velf\u00e6rd 3 velf\u00e6rdsmodeller(3 hovedmodeller): Den skandinaviske velf\u00e6rdsmodel (ogs\u00e5 kaldet den universelle) Den centraleurop\u00e6iske velf\u00e6rdsmodel (ogs\u00e5 kaldet den kontinentale model eller forsikringsmodellen) Den liberale velf\u00e6rdsmodel (ogs\u00e5 kaldet den residuale eller den angelsaksiske model) Den skandinaviske velf\u00e6rdsmodel Findes her i norden Kendetegnet ved: De fleste sociale ydelser<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/international-oekonomi-notater\/velfaerdsstaten\/\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">L\u00e6s mere omVelf\u00e6rdsstaten<\/span>[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":54,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Velf\u00e6rdsstaten - HHX opgaver og notater<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/international-oekonomi-notater\/velfaerdsstaten\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"da_DK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Velf\u00e6rdsstaten - HHX opgaver og notater\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Velf\u00e6rdsstaten: staten tager et medansvar for en del af borgernes velf\u00e6rd 3 velf\u00e6rdsmodeller(3 hovedmodeller): Den skandinaviske velf\u00e6rdsmodel (ogs\u00e5 kaldet den universelle) Den centraleurop\u00e6iske velf\u00e6rdsmodel (ogs\u00e5 kaldet den kontinentale model eller forsikringsmodellen) Den liberale velf\u00e6rdsmodel (ogs\u00e5 kaldet den residuale eller den angelsaksiske model) Den skandinaviske velf\u00e6rdsmodel Findes her i norden Kendetegnet ved: De fleste sociale ydelserL\u00e6s mere omVelf\u00e6rdsstaten[...]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/international-oekonomi-notater\/velfaerdsstaten\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HHX opgaver og notater\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimeret l\u00e6setid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"11 minutter\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rentabilitet.dk\/opgaver\/\",\"name\":\"HHX opgaver og notater\",\"description\":\"F\\u00e5 adgang til 12-tals opgaver samt notater fra forhenv\\u00e6rende hhx elever. 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